Big Data is one of the most vital resources for modern society and businesses. It enables organizations to gain valuable insights into their operations, improve decision-making, drive innovation, or… sell more stuff. With hundreds of PetaBytes (1 PB = 1 million Gigabytes) of new information gathered globally every year, data scientists utilize current and historical data to build forecast models and incorporate predictive analysis into their operations. This, of course, wouldn’t be possible without predictive analytics models. In this article, we want to explore how to use .NET-powered machine learning for predictive data analytics.
What Is a Predictive Analytics?
In short, Predictive Analytics is a statistical technique that analyzes the past to anticipate the future. It uses various methods (such as predictive modeling, machine learning, and data mining) and statistics (based on current and historical data) to forecast likely outcomes with a reasonable degree of accuracy. With the right volume of input data, virtually everything can be subjected to predictive analytics – from sales trends and buyer’s habits to weather patterns and medical advancements. Different industries utilize different predictive analytics algorithms, but all are based on machine learning predictive modeling solutions.
How Does Predictive Analytics Work?
Before data science experts can start building relevant predictive models, they must prepare adequate data sets. Existing data can be gathered from various sources, including internal databases, social media platforms, and third-party providers. Once data collection and data preparation stages are complete, assembled data must be analyzed to identify patterns that can be used to make predictions. This is where machine learning algorithms come into play.
In the predictive model-building stage, data scientists use the insights from data analysis and select the appropriate statistical techniques and complex algorithms. These are then used to test the accuracy of the forecast models with training data and fine-tune them until they are optimized to make accurate predictions.
What Are The Most Popular Predictive Models?
Depending on the purpose, predictive models can be defined as:
- Classification models – used for tasks involving predicting discrete class labels, such as classifying emails as spam/not spam.
- Regression models – used for tasks involving predicting a continuous quantity, such as stock prices.
The following predictive model types are currently considered the most popular.
Decision Trees
Decision trees are one of the most common forms of multiple-variable analysis. This method splits data into branch-like subsets based on categories of input variables. Decision trees can be employed for data mining, classification, and regression tasks. They can manage categorical and continuous data and are easy to interpret. Decision trees are often utilized in various fields, such as finance, healthcare, and marketing.
Linear and Logistic Regression
Logistic regression predicts the probability of an outcome based on one or more input variables. It forecasts a binary outcome for an event based on the previous observations of given data sets.
A linear regression model, on the other hand, is used to define relationship patterns between variables. It is designed to find the best-fit line that can accurately predict the output for the continuous dependent variable.
Logistic regression is used for solving classification tasks; a regular linear regression tackles regression problems.
Neural Networks
Neural networks are clusters of algorithms that attempt to recognize innate relationships in data sets through a process that mimics the way the human brain operates. Neural networks are akin to systems of neurons, either organic or artificial. Being a form of deep learning technology, a neural network can adapt to changing sample data and learn to recognize patterns and generate forecasts. Neural networks are often employed for natural language processing projects and image and speech recognition tasks.
Other Common Predictive Algorithms
- Clustering Model
- Ensemble Model
- Factor Analysis
- Naïve Bayes
- Outliers Model
- Random Forest Model
- Support Vector Machines
- Time Series Model
Each of the above uses a different approach to data, so it is vital to choose the forecast model suitable for the project. Luckily, in most cases, predictive models don’t need to be built from scratch for every application. Predictive analytics tools utilize a variety of established, accurate models and algorithms that can be applied to a wide selection of use cases.
How are Predictive Analytics and Machine Learning Related?
Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that involves training algorithms to identify patterns in data sets without being explicitly programmed. These algorithms can then be used to make predictions based on new data. Predictive analytics and machine learning are closely related, but they are not the same. Predictive analytics is a practice of using historical data to make predictions, while Machine learning is frequently used to build predictive models.
Machine Learning Predictive Analytics Examples
Machine learning algorithms have proven their game-changing potential for countless business and scientific organizations as well as software companies supporting them with back-end development services. The following examples are just a tiny sample of possible use cases for predictive analytics.
- Medical Diagnosis – machine learning algorithms can help analyze patient data and predict which patients are at the highest risk of developing specific conditions, like heart disease or diabetes.
- Finance Forecasting – predictive analytics is already widely used in finance to forecast future cash flows and predict future events vital for the financial health of companies.
- Fraud Detection – banks utilize predictive analytics models to detect fraudulent behavior in financial transactions, helping to prevent fraud and improve security.
- Predicting Equipment Failure – predictive data modeling can help calculate when equipment is most likely to fail, allowing for spare parts demand forecasting, preventative maintenance, and reducing downtime.
How to Use ML.NET Components for Predictive Analytics Models
ML.NET is an open-source machine learning framework for developers specializing in .NET development services. It allows them to create diverse types of predictive models and integrate them into their .NET applications. ML.NET provides a variety of pre-built components, including data loaders, transformers, trainers, and evaluators. The most common components are:
- PredictionEngine – used to make single predictions with an ML model trained in ML.NET.
- PredictionEnginePool – allows you to make multiple predictions using an ML model.
- AutoML – helps you automatically train and select the best ML model for your dataset.
- TensorFlow Integration – integrates TensorFlow, a popular machine learning library, for performing deep learning tasks such as image recognition and natural language processing.
Performing a predictive analysis with ML.NET components requires the following steps:
- Data Preparation – structured and unstructured data gathered through data mining needs to be cleaned, transformed, and split into training and testing data sets.
- Model Training – requires ML.NET’s ModelBuilder module, which is a graphical user interface (GUI) tool that allows you to drag and drop data, select algorithms, and train the model.
- Model Evaluation – several evaluation metrics can be used to evaluate your model’s accuracy, such as mean squared error (MSE) for regression tasks and AUC for binary classification tasks.
- Model Deployment – ML.NET provides several deployment options, including saving the model as a binary file, exporting the model to ONNX format, or deploying the model to the cloud using Azure Machine Learning.
- Prediction – when your predictive model is deployed, you can employ it to generate forecasts on new data using PredictionEngine and PredictionEnginePool.
What does ML Model Training Look Like?
Machine learning model training is the process of teaching an ML model to identify patterns in input data and make predictions based on those patterns. The process involves feeding large data sets into the forecast model and adjusting its parameters until it can accurately predict outcomes on new data. The optimization algorithm tries to minimize a cost function that measures the difference between its predictions and the actual outcomes in the training data.
During training, predictive models can be visualized through graphs or plots that show the cost function decreasing over time as the model becomes more accurate.
Where Predictive Analytics Has the Biggest Impact?
Predictive analytics’ profound impact across various industries cannot be overstated. In Finance, predictive modeling techniques help organizations identify fraudulent transactions, reduce risks, and improve customer experience. In Healthcare, various types of predictive models help identify patients at risk of developing a disease, predict the likelihood of readmissions, and optimize treatment plans. The Retail industry employs it to optimize prices, personalize offers to customers based on their behavior, and identify potentially trending products. The ML-driven analysis is also prominent in Manufacturing, where it helps organizations with capacity planning, reducing downtime, and improving product quality. Therefore, for any ambitious software development company, adding ML.NET to their technology stack should be considered a must.